Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
The US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement, signed July 2000 and entering into force December 2001, granted Vietnam Normal Trade Relations status with the United States and committed Hanoi to a schedule of market-opening, intellectual-property, services, and investor-protection reforms modelled on WTO accession requirements. The agreement triggered a surge in Vietnamese exports to the US and laid the groundwork for full WTO membership in 2007.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.