General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5) authorized roughly $787 billion (later revised to ~$831 billion) in tax cuts, transfer expansions, state aid, and direct federal spending on infrastructure, education, health IT, and clean-energy programs. Enacted in the trough of the financial crisis, ARRA combined demand-side fiscal stimulus with targeted industrial-policy outlays, and is the largest discretionary U.S. countercyclical fiscal package since the New Deal.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.