General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed 23 March 2010 by President Obama and amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 30 March 2010, expanded health coverage through state-based insurance Marketplaces with refundable premium tax credits (incomes 100-400% of federal poverty), Medicaid expansion (made optional by NFIB v. Sebelius in 2012), an individual mandate, employer mandates for firms over 50, and insurance-market rules banning pre-existing-condition denial. The intended effect was to add ~30 million previously uninsured Americans to coverage, slow private health-spending growth, and complete the 20th-century-aspiration of near-universal US health insurance.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.