Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Immigration policy openness — work visas, family reunification, asylum processing, border enforcement posture.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), signed on 24 December 2020 and provisionally applied from 1 January 2021, established a zero-tariff zero-quota goods trade regime between the parties subject to rules of origin, but excluded the single market in services, ended freedom of movement, and imposed full customs and SPS checks on goods. The intended effect was to deliver a hard Brexit while avoiding tariff-driven supply chain disruption, secure UK regulatory autonomy, and conclude the negotiating phase ahead of the end of the transition period — at the cost of reduced services-trade access and recurrent border-friction frictions.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.