Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Immigration policy openness — work visas, family reunification, asylum processing, border enforcement posture.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Executive orders issued on 1 February 2025 invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to impose additional duties on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China, framed as a national-emergency response to fentanyl trafficking and unlawful migration. The initial orders directed broad ad valorem duties outside ordinary Section 232 and Section 301 trade channels, with later presidential actions amending rates, covered goods, and effective dates. This spec captures the 2025 IEEPA tariff instrument rather than later product-specific tariff layers.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.