Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Taxation of capital income (dividends, capital gains, inheritance, wealth). Distinct from corporate rate.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Spain's Temporary Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes, enacted by Law 38/2022 effective for tax years 2022 and 2023 by the Sanchez PSOE-Sumar coalition, levies a federal wealth tax of 1.7% on net worth EUR 3-5.34 million, 2.1% from EUR 5.34-10.7 million, and 3.5% above EUR 10.7 million, with a credit for amounts paid under the regional Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio. The intended effect was to neutralise the Madrid region's de facto wealth-tax exemption, raise revenue for cost-of-living packages, and demonstrate progressive-tax commitment within the EU "fair share" debate post-2022 energy shock.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.