Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Taxation of capital income (dividends, capital gains, inheritance, wealth). Distinct from corporate rate.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Spain's restoration of automatic CPI-indexed pension revaluation, enacted by Royal Decree-Law 2/2023 and consolidated in Law 21/2021 under the Sanchez government, replaced the 2013 Rajoy formula (which had decoupled pensions from inflation, allowing only 0.25% rises) with annual uprating equal to the previous year's average CPI, plus the introduction of an Intergenerational Equity Mechanism (MEI) financed by an additional 0.6% wage levy. The intended effect was to reverse a decade of real-pension erosion, restore the contributory bargain, and stabilise the pension system through revenue-side measures rather than benefit cuts.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.