Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Vietnam became the 150th WTO member on 11 January 2007 after an 11-year negotiation. Accession bound average MFN industrial tariffs down from ~17.4% to a committed ~10.4% with phase-ins through 2019, opened services (banking, insurance, distribution, telecoms) to partial foreign entry, formalised trading rights for foreign firms, and required national-treatment disciplines on SOEs. Commonly paired with the 2001 US BTA as the two anchor steps of Vietnam's export-led integration. Registered FDI inflows roughly doubled from ~US$6.7bn (2005) to over US$11bn (2008); exports as share of GDP rose from ~61% (2006) toward ~100% by 2019.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.