Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Vietnam signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in November 2020 alongside the other ASEAN-10 members plus China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. The agreement entered into force on 1 January 2022 and consolidated overlapping ASEAN-plus-one FTAs under common rules of origin, expanded e-commerce and IP chapters, and graduated tariff cuts on approximately 90 percent of intra-bloc goods trade over twenty years.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.