Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) was ratified in 2020 and entered into force on August 1, 2020. It eliminated approximately 99 percent of customs duties on goods over 7-10 year phaseouts, opened public procurement, and committed Vietnam to ILO core labour standards and enforceable trade-and-sustainable-development provisions. A parallel investment protection agreement (EVIPA) was signed but required individual EU member-state ratification.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.