General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
The Obama recovery program centered on the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-5), an ~$831 billion package combining tax relief, expanded unemployment and Medicaid transfers, state fiscal aid, and direct federal investment in infrastructure, education, health-IT, and clean-energy R&D. Together with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act (2010) and ACA (2010), it formed the principal policy response of Obama's first term to the 2008-2009 financial crisis and Great Recession.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.