General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
The UK's public-sector employment expansion of 2001-2010, driven by Spending Review settlements under successive Blair-Brown governments, raised public-sector headcount from around 5.2 million to a 2009 peak of approximately 6.05 million, with most growth in the NHS (Wanless Review-driven spending), education (school-workforce reform, teaching-assistant recruitment), and Sure Start early-years provision. The intended effect was to translate the post-1999 fiscal-rule-compatible expansion into front-line capacity, deliver Public Service Agreement targets on waiting times and literacy, and rebuild service quality after the 1990s' real-terms freeze.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.