Immigration policy openness — work visas, family reunification, asylum processing, border enforcement posture.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Spain's Zapatero-era tax reforms, principally Law 35/2006 (personal income tax) and Law 35/2006 (corporate tax reduction), reduced the headline corporate-tax rate from 35% to 30% (25% for SMEs) in two annual steps from 2007, simplified the personal income tax to a dual-income structure taxing capital income at a flat 18%, and abolished the wealth tax in 2008. The intended effect was to align Spanish business taxation with the European downward trend, raise investment attractiveness on the eve of the GFC, and consolidate the Zapatero coalition's social-spending programme through stronger growth-funded revenues.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.