Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Two royal decrees (February and March 2011) committing ~$130bn in new spending — public-sector two-month bonus, 500,000 housing units, 60,000 new Interior Ministry positions, minimum-wage floor for Saudis in the public sector, unemployment benefit — issued as fiscal immunisation against Arab Spring contagion. Simultaneously deployed GCC Peninsula Shield forces to Bahrain to suppress protests. Package absorbed roughly 20% of 2011 GDP over subsequent years and cemented the distributional-state bargain.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.