Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
The 1990 unification agreement and 1991 constitution merged the Yemen Arab Republic and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen into the Republic of Yemen, created national executive and legislative institutions, recognised political pluralism, and set a transitional power-sharing framework. The arrangement opened formal multiparty politics but was later narrowed by the 1994 civil war and the concentration of authority around the Saleh presidency.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.
The positive rule-of-law coding is limited to formal institution creation, not later regime practice.