General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Direction of monetary-base expansion decisions relative to trend. Separate from fiscal.transfer_expansion even when correlated.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Response to the 2008-09 global financial crisis combined a fiscal package announced by PM Dũng in December 2008 of roughly US$8bn (about 8% of GDP on an expansion basis), anchored on a 4% interest- rate subsidy scheme for working-capital loans, VAT and corporate- income-tax deferrals, and state infrastructure acceleration. State Bank of Vietnam cut the policy rate from 14% to 7% and allowed aggregate credit growth of ~37.5% in 2009. The package supported a 2009 GDP-growth outcome of 5.4% but re-ignited inflation (peaking above 23% in mid-2008 and again ~19% in 2011), asset-price overheating in property and equities, and the VND exchange-rate pressure that required successive 2010-2011 devaluations.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.