Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Statutory or administrative ceilings, freezes, margin caps, or mandated below-cost pass-through rules for goods and services outside housing. This axis separates direct price ceilings from general product-market entry regulation.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
In February 2003 the Chavez government imposed price controls on a basic basket of essential goods including flour, milk, sugar, oil, and meat, alongside the FX-control regime. Enforcement was administered by INDEPABIS (later SUNDDE), which conducted inspections and could fine or expropriate non-compliant retailers. The regime expanded over time to additional goods and contributed to chronic shortages, smuggling, and parallel pricing.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.