Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
The Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 updated and operationalised U.S. anti-monopoly law after the broad but often uncertain Sherman framework. The package created the FTC as a standing administrative competition body, prohibited specific anti-competitive practices such as certain tying and exclusive- dealing arrangements, and narrowed judicial acceptance of mergers and interlocking directorates that entrenched concentration in national markets.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.