Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148) signed 23 Mar 2010. Individual mandate (penalty zeroed 2019 via TCJA), employer mandate, guaranteed issue + community rating, essential health benefits, Medicaid expansion to 138% FPL (optional after NFIB v Sebelius 2012), federal + state exchanges with premium tax credits. Expanded insurance coverage by ~20m by 2016; uninsured rate fell from ~16% to ~9%. Net fiscal cost CBO estimate ~USD 1.8trn 2016-2025 before TCJA changes.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.