General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
The UK's working-age welfare reform of 2010-2016, anchored in the Welfare Reform Act 2012 and the Welfare Reform and Work Act 2016, introduced Universal Credit (consolidating six legacy benefits), the under-occupancy penalty ("bedroom tax"), the benefit cap (initially GBP 26,000 per family), the freeze on most working-age benefits, and successive cuts to tax credits and disability benefits. The intended effect was to "make work pay" through reduced taper rates, contain a benefit bill that had peaked at over GBP 200 billion, and contribute to the Cameron-Osborne fiscal consolidation programme.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.