Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
The UK's wholesale-market gas-indexation regime, formalised through Ofgem's price cap methodology and the merit-order pricing rules of GB electricity and gas markets, links retail energy prices and electricity wholesale prices to the marginal cost of natural gas — even when most generation comes from renewables, nuclear, or coal. The intended effect was to maintain established market-design principles, but the realised effect during the 2021-2023 European gas shock was to pass through TTF and NBP gas prices into all electricity prices, prompting the Energy Bill Relief Scheme and Energy Price Guarantee.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.