Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
From 1 January 2025, 20% VAT applies to private-school education and boarding services — ending a long-standing exemption. Business rates charitable relief (80%) removed from private schools in England from April 2025. Announced in Labour's 2024 manifesto and enacted in Finance Act 2024-25; HMG estimated ~£1.5-1.7bn/year additional revenue earmarked for recruitment of 6,500 state-school teachers. Challenged in the High Court (Education Not Taxation and others); upheld June 2025. Empirical fee pass-through and enrolment response still being measured.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.