Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Taxation of capital income (dividends, capital gains, inheritance, wealth). Distinct from corporate rate.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Sweden's Inkomstpension is the notional defined-contribution (NDC) earnings-related tier of the pension system enacted under the 1994/1998 reform framework and effective from 1999. Contributions of 16 percent of pensionable earnings are credited to a notional individual account that earns a return tied to per-capita wage growth, with benefits computed via cohort life-expectancy at retirement, replacing the prior ATP defined-benefit promise.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.