De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Adopted at the Amsterdam European Council in June 1997 and operationalised by Council Regulations 1466/97 and 1467/97, the Stability and Growth Pact translated Maastricht's 3% deficit and 60% debt reference values into a permanent surveillance and excessive-deficit procedure for euro-area members. It bound participating states to medium-term budget plans and sanction-backed correction paths, institutionalising fiscal discipline alongside ECB monetary independence.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.