General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Introduction of Government Development Bonds (GDBs) in 1988 to finance persistent fiscal deficits caused by oil-price collapse and Gulf War costs without monetary financing. Sold to domestic banks and SAMA, established a shallow domestic government-debt market. Circumvented sharia prohibitions via deferred-payment structures. Allowed Fahd-era deficits to be financed without breaking the 3.75 peg.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.