Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Pakistan's Banks (Nationalisation) Act 1974, promulgated by the Bhutto government on 1 January 1974, transferred ownership of all 14 domestic scheduled commercial banks to the federal government, consolidating them into five state-owned banks under a Pakistan Banking Council. Foreign banks were exempted. The intended effect was to redirect credit allocation towards public-sector industries and rural beneficiaries, end "twenty-two families" concentrated control of finance, and give the state direct command over loan-pricing and credit-rationing in support of the planned economy.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.