Đỗ Mười General Secretary era — reform consolidation (Vietnam)

Doctrine — stated goals and content

Đỗ Mười era — reform-consolidation doctrine at 7th Congress Jun 1991 deepening market transition after CMEA collapse, normalising international relations. Economic school: 'socialist-oriented market economy' consolidation; pragmatic market-Leninism. Dated policies: 7th Party Congress Jun 1991; Constitution of 1992 (15 Apr 1992) recognising multi-sector economy and private-property rights; Cambodia normalisation Paris Peace Accords 23 Oct 1991; China-Vietnam normalisation Nov 1991 Beijing Summit; US trade embargo lifted 3 Feb 1994; ASEAN accession 28 Jul 1995; US-Vietnam diplomatic normalisation 11 Jul 1995; State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) Law 1995 creating General Corporations; Land Law 1993 granting long-term land-use-rights certificates; 8th Party Congress Jun 1996; acceleration of SOE reform and equitisation pilots 1992-1996. Left- right: Leninist-market pragmatic — economic policy market-opening; political monopoly of CPV unchanged. Popularity: Party-controlled electoral/plebiscitary politics; growth 8-9% annually 1992-1997 anchored regime legitimacy. Coherence: high — constitutional modernisation, land law, SOE reform, international normalisation (ASEAN, US, China) all reinforced the market-opening direction; trajectory interrupted by 1997 Asian crisis affecting Vietnam mildly compared to neighbours.