Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
| Year | Movement |
|---|---|
| 2005–2010 | Tabaré Vázquez first term — first FA government, IRPF tax reform uruguay_vazquez_i_fa_2005_2010 |
| 2010–2015 | José 'Pepe' Mujica — FA continuity, cannabis legal market, same-sex marriage, UPM-1 uruguay_mujica_fa_2010_2015 |
| 2015–2020 | Vázquez II Frente Amplio — consolidation with macro-orthodoxy 2015-2020 uruguay_vazquez_ii_fa_2015_2020 |
| 2020–2025 | Lacalle Pou Coalición Multicolor — centre-right structural reform 2020-2025 uruguay_lacalle_pou_pn_2020_2025 |
| 2025 | Orsi Frente Amplio — MPP return with fiscal-rule continuity 2025-present uruguay_orsi_fa_2025_present |