Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
| Year | Movement |
|---|---|
| 1993–1998 | Mečiar HZDS governments — national-populist crony privatisation 1993-1998 slovakia_meciar_hzds_1993_1998 |
| 1998–2006 | Dzurinda SDKU flat-tax EU-NATO convergence 1998-2006 slovakia_dzurinda_sdku_1998_2006 |
| 2006–2010 | Fico Smer first-term euro-adoption social democracy 2006-2010 slovakia_fico_smer_first_term_2006_2010 |
| 2010–2012 | Radicova SDKU-DS centre-right coalition 2010-2012 slovakia_radicova_sdku_2010_2012 |
| 2012–2018 | Fico Smer II and III 2012-2018 slovakia_fico_smer_ii_iii_2012_2018 |
| 2018–2020 | Pellegrini Smer-SNS-Most-Hid 2018-2020 slovakia_pellegrini_smer_2018_2020 |
| 2023 | Fico fourth government Smer-SD + Hlas + SNS 2023-present slovakia_fico_fourth_2023_present |