Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
| Year | Movement |
|---|---|
| 1965–1986 | Philippines Marcos authoritarian economy philippines_marcos_authoritarian_economy_1965_1986 |
| 1976–1986 | Marcos late-martial-law crony capitalism (Philippines) philippines_marcos_crony_capitalism_1976_1986 |
| 1986–1992 | Cory Aquino post-EDSA democratic transition (Philippines) philippines_cory_aquino_transition_1986_1992 |
| 1992–1998 | Fidel Ramos Philippines 2000 tiger-economy push (Philippines) philippines_ramos_lakas_nucd_1992_1998 |
| 1998–2001 | Joseph Estrada LAMMP — populist-nationalist interrupted presidency (1998-2001) philippines_estrada_lammp_1998_2001 |
| 2001–2010 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Lakas-CMD — post-EDSA-II technocratic fiscal reform presidency (2001-2010) philippines_arroyo_lakas_2001_2010 |
| 2010–2016 | Philippines Aquino III Daang Matuwid philippines_aquino_iii_2010_2016 |
| 2016–2022 | Philippines Duterte PDP-Laban era philippines_duterte_2016_2022 |
| 2022 | Philippines Marcos Jr restoration (Bongbong) philippines_marcos_jr_2022_present |