Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Taxation of capital income (dividends, capital gains, inheritance, wealth). Distinct from corporate rate.
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Immigration policy openness — work visas, family reunification, asylum processing, border enforcement posture.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Direction of monetary-base expansion decisions relative to trend. Separate from fiscal.transfer_expansion even when correlated.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
| Year | Movement |
|---|---|
| 1976–1981 | Nordli / Brundtland I Labour governments — oil-era counter-cyclical Keynesianism norway_nordli_ap_1976_1981 |
| 1981–1986 | Willoch Høyre — liberalisation, housing-credit deregulation, broadcasting monopoly end norway_willoch_conservative_1981_1986 |
| 1986–1996 | Brundtland AP governments II-III — petroleum wealth architecture and EU rejection 1986-1996 norway_brundtland_ap_1986_1996 |
| 1996–2000 | Norway Jagland AP + Bondevik I centre coalition 1996-2000 norway_bondevik_jagland_transition_1996_2000 |
| 2001–2005 | Bondevik II KrF-H-V centre-right coalition 2001-2005 norway_bondevik_ii_centre_right_2001_2005 |
| 2001 | Norway handlingsregel (fiscal rule) adoption norway_handlingsregel_2001 |
| 2005–2013 | Stoltenberg II red-green coalition (Norway) norway_stoltenberg_ii_redgreen_2005_2013 |
| 2013–2021 | Solberg Conservative-led centre-right government (Norway) norway_solberg_rightbloc_2013_2021 |
| 2021 | Støre AP–Sp centre-left minority government (Norway) norway_store_ap_sp_2021_present |