Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Financial-sector regulation — banking separation, capital requirements, cross-border activity rules, derivatives oversight.
Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
| Year | Movement |
|---|---|
| 1976–1982 | López Portillo PRI — oil boom to 1982 debt-crisis bank nationalisation mexico_lopez_portillo_pri_1976_1982 |
| 1982–1988 | De la Madrid PRI — IMF austerity, opening, 1985 earthquake mexico_de_la_madrid_pri_1982_1988 |
| 1988–1994 | Mexico Salinas PRI neoliberal turn + NAFTA mexico_salinas_nafta_neoliberal_1988_1994 |
| 1994–2000 | Zedillo PRI — Tequila crisis, FOBAPROA, democratic opening mexico_zedillo_pri_1994_2000 |
| 2000–2006 | Fox PAN — first non-PRI presidency, democratic alternancia, market continuity mexico_fox_pan_2000_2006 |
| 2006–2012 | Calderón PAN — drug war, macro orthodoxy, labour reform mexico_calderon_pan_2006_2012 |
| 2012–2018 | Peña Nieto PRI modernising-neoliberal + Pacto por México reforms mexico_pena_nieto_pri_2012_2018 |
| 2018–2024 | AMLO Cuarta Transformación — Morena heterodox-populist turn mexico_amlo_morena_2018_2024 |
| 2024 | Sheinbaum Morena continuity + judicial-reform consolidation mexico_sheinbaum_morena_2024_present |