Kuwait

Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).

• ↑expanded sectoral subsidies
• ↓reduced sectoral subsidies

General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.

• ↑higher spending share
• ↓lower spending share

Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.

• ↑larger transfer footprint
• ↓smaller transfer footprint