Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
| Year | Movement |
|---|---|
| 1968–1979 | Iraq Ba'ath oil-nationalisation and statist development iraq_baath_oil_statism_1968_1979 |